CIRP Annals Online sorted by Year and Volume
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CIRP ANNALS 2001
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STC A |
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Highly flexible Assembly - Scope and Justification
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K. Feldmann (1), S. Slama
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STC A, 50/2/2001, P.489
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Keywords: Assembly, Flexible manufacturing system, Employment-oriented Rationalization |
Abstract : To be competitive nowadays it is absolutely necessary for manufacturers
to align their products and production with customer demands. This
customer-orientation is leading to an increasing number of variants and
to shorter product life cycles requiring a high degree of flexibility,
low-cost/low-volume manufacturing skills, and short time to market.
Therefore, it is necessary to develop new rationalization potentials due
to technological changes in products and assembly processes. New
concepts for flexible automation and alternative strategies for
employee-oriented assembly secure a leading position in the world market
and open up new potential for additional employment.
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STC C |
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Manufacturing of Dies and Molds
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T. Altan (1), B. Lilly, Y.C. Yen
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STC C, 50/2/2001, P.405
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Keywords: Die, Mold, Manufacturing |
Abstract : The design and manufacturing of dies and molds represent a significant
link in the entire production chain because nearly all mass produced
discrete parts are formed using production processes that employ dies
and molds. Thus, the quality, cost and lead times of dies and molds
affect the economics of producing a very large number of components,
subassemblies and assemblies, especially in the automotive industry.
Therefore, die and mold makers are forced to develop and implement the
latest technology in: part and process design including process
modeling, rapid prototyping, rapid tooling, optimized tool path
generation for high speed cutting and hard machining, machinery and
cutting tools, surface coating and repair as well as in EDM and ECM.
This paper, prepared with input from many CIRP colleagues, attempts to
review the significant advances and practical applications in this field.
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STC Dn |
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Product Innovation - Industrial Approach
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G. Seliger (2) A. Buchholz
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STC Dn, 50/2/2001, P.425
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Keywords: Design, Management, Innovation |
Abstract : Innovation consists of technological invention and economic
exploitation. Arts and natural sciences considerably contribute to
invention whereas economics and management deal with the exploitation
aspect of innovation. In creating artifacts for useful purposes
engineering covers both invention and exploitation. Different types of
innovation are considered with respect to design rules and business
cases. The challenge of finding reasonable paths of innovation is
illustrated by industrial shortcomings. Scientific approaches in
manufacturing in general and especially in design to avoid these
shortcomings are denominated and analysed.
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STC E |
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Electroforming Process and Application to Micro/Macro Manufacturing
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J.A. McGeough (1), M. Leu (2), K. Rajurkar (1), A. De Silva (2), Q. Liu
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STC E, 50/2/2001, P.499
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Keywords: Electroforming, Micro/Macro part manufacture |
Abstract : Electroforming is the highly specialised use of electrodeposition for the manufacture of metal parts. This paper describes the process principles and mechanisms of electroforming, outlining its advantages and limitations. A review of modelling and simulation of electroforming and experimental analysis work is also presented. The metals that can be electroformed successfully are copper, nickel, iron or silver, thickness up to 16 mm, dimensional tolerances up to 1 μm, and surface finishes of 0.05 μm Ra. The ability to manufacture complex parts to close tolerances and cost effectively has meant that electroforming has applications both in traditional/macro manufacturing and new micromanufacturing fields. These include tooling; mould making; fabrication of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and the combination of lithography, electroforming and plastic moulding in the LIGA process. Applications in micro-optics and medicine are included.
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STC F |
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Microforming
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M. Geiger (1), M. Kleiner (2), R. Eckstein, N. Tiesler, U. Engel
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STC F, 50/2/2001, P.445
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Keywords: Micro Metal Forming, Material, Equipment |
Abstract : Microforming is a well suited technology to manufacture very small
metallic parts, in particular for mass production, as they are required
in many industrial products resulting from microtechnology. Compared to
other manufacturing technologies microforming features specific
economical and ecological advantages. Nevertheless, there are only some
singular applications known until today. This paper tries to find out
the reason why, analyzing systematically the problems emerging in
transferring the know-how on forming from the macro- to the microworld.
Reviewing the state of the art in basic and applied research reveals
that scaling effects do appear not only within the process but must be
taken into account in all the other areas of the whole forming system as
well, demanding finally new solutions especially for tool manufacturing
and machine concepts. Recent progress, innovative ideas and new
developments on these sectors represent a promising basis to exploit the
inherent potential of microforming in the future.
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STC G |
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Grinding Chatter - Origin and Suppression
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I. Inasaki (1), B. Karpuschewski (2), H.S. Lee
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STC G, 50/2/2001, P.515
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Keywords: Grinding, Chatter, Monitoring |
Abstract : Grinding chatter is one of the most critical errors in grinding
operations and one that has a strong impact on the ultimate geometrical
workpiece accuracy. In the paper the origin of chatter that is
particularly due to regenerative effects during inner and outer diameter
as well as surface grinding is explained. After the discussion on its
influence on surface quality, the possibilities related to process
monitoring for the detection of chatter during grinding are presented.
Special attention is paid to the suppression of chatter e.g. by
employing active or passive damping methods. Furthermore, information on
a suitable procedure to conduct a stability assessment for grinding
machines is provided.
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STC M |
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Open Controller Architecture - Past, Present and Future
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G. Pritschow (1), Y. Altintas (1), F. Jovane (1), Y. Koren (1), M. Mitsuishi (2), S. Takata (1), H. Van Brussel (1), M. Weck (1), K. Yamazaki (1)
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STC M, 50/2/2001, P.463
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Keywords: Open architecture control, CNC, Machine tool |
Abstract : Open Control Systems are the key enabler for the realization of modular
and re-configurable manufacturing systems. The large number of special
purpose machines and the high level of automation have led to an
increasing importance of open control systems based on vendor neutral
standards. This paper gives an overview on the past, present and future
of Open Controller Architecture. After reflecting onthe different
criteria, categories and characteristics of open controllers in general,
the CNC products in the market are evaluated and an overview on the
world-wide research activities in Europe, North America and Japan is
given. Subsequently the efforts to harmonize the different results are
described in order to establish a common world-wide standard in the
future. Due to the ?mix-and-match? nature of open controllers
concentrated attention must be paid to testing mechanisms in the form of
conformance and interoperability tests.
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STC O |
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Emergent Synthesis Methodologies for Manufacturing
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K. Ueda (1), A. Markus (2), L. Monostori (1), H.J.J. Kals (1), T. Arai (1)
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STC O, 50/2/2001, P.535
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Keywords: Synthesis, Emergence, Complexity, Manufacturing Systems |
Abstract : This paper offers a concise overview of new manufacturing methodologies
that are based on emergent synthesis. Starting with the conceptual
questions concerning analysis, synthesis and emergence, it classifies
the difficulties of synthesis problems with respect to the
incompleteness of human knowledge on the environment and of the
specification of purpose of the artifact. Then, it clarifies the
importance of emergence and self-reference and their relations to
solving synthesis problems. It reviews about 300 papers according to the
problem classification and in terms of three phases of concept
formation, theory and application. It also discusses the
system-theoretical aspects of artifactual environment.
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STC P |
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Task Specific Uncertainty in Coordinate Measurement
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R.G. Wilhelm (2), R. Hocken (1), H. Schwenke
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STC P, 50/2/2001, P.553
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Keywords: Metrology, Uncertainty, Modeling |
Abstract : Task specific uncertainty is the measurement uncertainty associated with
the measurement of a specific feature using a specific measurement plan.
This paper surveys techniques developed to model and estimate task
specific uncertainty for coordinate measuring systems, primarily
coordinate measuring machines using contacting probes. Sources of
uncertainty are also reviewed.
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STC S |
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Contribution of CIRP to the Development of Metrology and Surface Quality Evaluation during the last fifty years
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J. Peters (1), J. Bryan (1), W.T. Estler (2), C. Evans (1), H. Kunzmann (1), D.A. Lucca (1), S. Sartori (1), H. Sato (1), E.G. Thwaite (1), P. Vanherck (1)
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STC S, 50/2/2001, P.471
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Keywords: Metrology, Precision Engineering, Surface Quality |
Abstract : An overview of the contribution of the members of the C.I.R.P. community
to the progress of Metrology and Surface Roughness Quality Evaluation is
given. The following items are included in the part on metrology: brief
overview of the existing situation before 1950, contribution to the
successive definitions of the unit of length and related reference
length standards, traceability, preliminary work to standardization,
thermal effects, design and construction of precision machine tools and
measuring machines, CMM, large scale metrology. In the field of surface
quality evaluation, the following items are reviewed: reference profiles
and related definitions of parameters, filtering, surface and subsurface
integrity, functional meaning of parameters, instrumentation, scanning
probe microscopy, 3D surface evaluation. A comprehensive list of
references is provided.
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