CIRP Annals Online sorted by Year and Volume
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CIRP ANNALS 1996
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STC A |
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Relevance of Assembly in Global Manufacturing
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K. Feldmann (1),H. Rottbauer, N. Roth (2)
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STC A, 45/2/1996, P.545
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Keywords: Assembly, Globalization, Flexible Manufacturing |
Abstract : Within the framework of entire production assembly plays an exceptional
and specific role. In this step of the value adding chain the different
components lead to the function determining unit. The globaliza255tion of
the markets as well as technological innovations increasingly cause a
redesign of the arrange255ment of the value adding chain in the global
manufacturing network. Concerning the site selection for assembly plants
two major strategies can be distinguished: Assembly follows the market
and/or is shifted into regions of low labor costs. The global division
of labor is supplementarily favored because of new possibilities of
telecommunications. A decentralized distribution of the assembly
capacities can lead to productivity disadvantages due to the loss of
economies of scale. This can in turn be compen255sated by local production
alliances. State and specific problems of global networks in assembly
will be analyzed in four relevant product areas.
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STC E |
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Environmental and safety aspects of electrophysical and electro chemical processes
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H.K. Toenshoff (1), R. Egger, F. Klocke (2)
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STC E, 45/2/1996, P.553
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Keywords: Environmental impact, Electrical discharge machining (EDM), Laser beam machining (LBM) |
Abstract : Environmental protection ranks high in public opinion, and has become an
important part of market eco255nomy. Especially industrial production is
linked with risks to the environment. The following paper deals with
laser beam, electrical discharge and electrochemical machining, which
represent a significant area of manu255facturing technology. Despite
various advantages, these processes may generate solid, liquid or
gaseous by-products presenting hazards for workers or the environment.
The sort and quantity of the hazardous substances, and suitable
measuring methods are discussed. Furthermore, strategies to reduce
emissions and to protect environment from possible impacts are explained.
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STC F |
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Numerical process simulation for tool and process design in bulk metal forming
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T. Altan (1), V. Vazquez
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STC F, 45/2/1996, P.599
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Keywords: Process Simulation, Metal Forming, Forging, Tooling |
Abstract : Global competition requires that manufacturing industry utilizes
practical and proven CAD, CAM and CAE techniques for rapid and cost
effective process design and die manufacture. Thus, numerical simulation
of bulk metal forming processes is increasingly applied to eliminate
forming defects, predict and optimize process variables, and to predict
stresses in dies for preventing premature die failure. This paper
reviews the latest state of technology and describes several successful
applications. Ongoing developments and future trends are also discussed.
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STC G |
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Grinding Mechanisms for Ceramics
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S. Malkin (1),T.W. Hwang
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STC G, 45/2/1996, P.569
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Keywords: Grinding, Ceramics |
Abstract : The widespread utilization of high strength ceramic materials has been
limited by the high cost of machining these materials by grinding. A
technological basis for cost-effective ceramic machining requires a
fundamental understanding of the prevailing grinding mechanisms. The
present paper is intended to provide an overview of what happens during
grinding as abrasive grains cut through ceramic workpiece materials.
Most past research on grinding mechanisms for ceramics has followed
either the "indentation fracture mechanics" approach or the "machining"
approach. The indentation fracture mechanics approach likens abrasive
workpiece interactions to idealized small255-scale indentations. The
machining approach typically involves measurement of cutting forces
together with microscopic observations of grinding debris and surfaces
produced. Both approaches provide important insights into the grinding
mechanisms for ceramic materials.
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STC O |
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Flexibility and its Measurement
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G. Chryssolouris
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STC O, 45/2/1996, P.581
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Keywords: Flexibility, Measurement, Manufacturing |
Abstract : Flexibility is a major factor for increasing the competitiveness of a
manufacturing system. Flexibility, however, can not be adequately
considered in the decision making process, if it is not properly defined
in quantitative terms. In this paper different types of flexibility are
presented and quantitative definitions of flexibility are discussed. In
the context of this analysis, flexibility is defined as the sensitivity
of the manufacturing system to change. The paper discusses also a
quantitative definition of flexibility derived from the analogy of
manufacturing and mechanical systems. The discussion includes industrial
applications.
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STC P |
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Self-Calibration: reversal, redundancy, error separation and "absolute testing"
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C.J. Evans (2), R.J. Hocken (1), W.T. Estler
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STC P, 45/2/1996, P.617
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Keywords: dimensional metrology, kinematic error correction, quality assurance |
Abstract : Over the years many techniques have been developed for accurate
measurement of part features without reference to an externally
calibrated artefact. This paper presents a partial survey of such
methods for dimensional metrology, their ranges of application, and
their limits. Finally, the paper attempts to distil the common features
of the various methods in the hope that this may provide the basis, or
inspiration, for development of "new" methods.
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STC S |
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Progress in 3D Surface Micro255topography Characterisation
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P.M. Lonardo (1), H. Trumphold (1), L. De Chiffre (2)
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STC S, 45/2/1996, P.589
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Keywords: Surface topography, measurement, parameters |
Abstract : The recent advancements achieved in 3D analysis of surface
micro-topography have raised a great interest of researchers and
industrial users for the possibilities of the new techniques, in spite
of their major complexity. In this paper the state-of-the-art in
measurement methods, reference surfaces, visualization techniques,
definition and use of parameters is reviewed, considering advantages and
limits of the 3D characterization. The need to develop further studies
on the functional meaning of parameters is highlighted. Finally,
comments on traceability and standardization are given.
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