CIRP Annals Online sorted by Year and Volume
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CIRP ANNALS 2025
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STC A |
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Human-centric assembly in smart factories
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Lihui Wang (1), Robert X Gao (1), Jörg Krüger (1), József Váncza (1)
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STC A, 74/2/2025, P.789
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Keywords: Assembly; Robot; human-centricity |
Abstract : Assembly in future smart factories needs to address three challenges, including human centricity, sustainability, and resilience. Conventional approaches for automation in assembly have reached a bottleneck in terms of operation automomy, leaving various tasks to continued manual labour by human operators. To ease the burden on humans both physically and intellectually, human-centric assembly enhanced by augmented robots, cognitive systems, mixed reality and collaborative intelligence, assisted by thought-driven brain robotic controls, provides a promising solution. Within the context, this keynote provides an in-depth analysis of the state of human-centric assembly and identifies potentially fruitful research directions in future smart factories.
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STC C |
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Revisiting machinability assessment: Towards total machining performance
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I.S. Jawahir (1), Helmi Attia (1), Martin Dix (3), Hassan Ghadbeigi, Zhirong Liao (2), Julius Schoop, Alborz Shokrani (2)
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STC C, 74/2/2025, P.817
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Keywords: Machinability, Cutting tool, Modeling |
Abstract : The term “machinability”, introduced over hundred years ago, is vague and cannot fully describe the performance of machining systems. Machinability databases established over many decades are outdated: missing recent advances, e.g., cutting tool grades, geometry, coatings, and cutting fluids effects. This keynote paper summarizes findings of a CIRP-sponsored three-year collaborative study in five interrelated topics. The paper presents a critical review of state-of-the-art on these topics, the results of two major round robin tests, three industry-based case studies, and a novel predictive system of machining performance, utilizing advanced deep learning and optimization methods. Outlook and future directions are also presented.
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STC Cross-STC |
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Production Technologies and Systems for Electric Mobility
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Jürgen Fleischer (1), Darek Ceglarek (1), Jörg Franke (2), Christoph Herrmann (2)
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STC Cross-STC, 74/2/2025, P.1047
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Keywords: Electric vehicle; Manufacturing process; Manufacturing system |
Abstract : Achieving CO₂-neutral transportation requires large-scale electric vehicle production, posing significant manufacturing challenges. Electric vehicles consist of components with multi-physical functionalities and intricate interdependencies that exceed the capabilities of current production systems. This paper examines key drivetrain components, including power supply systems, batteries, power electronics, and traction motors. It reviews state-of-the-art manufacturing and associated challenges. Analytical and numerical modeling approaches as well as product-specific trends are highlighted. Furthermore, the paper puts emphasis on life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle engineering (LCE), as electric drivetrains pose distinct challenges compared to conventional drivetrains. Lastly, future research demands for electric mobility production technology and component-specific research fields are outlined.
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STC Dn |
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Developing and Leveraging Digital Twins in Engineering
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Nabil Anwer (1), Rainer Stark (1), Fei Tao (2), John Ahmet Erkoyuncu (2)
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STC Dn, 74/2/2025, P.843
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Keywords: Design; Digital Twin; Digital Twin Engineering |
Abstract : Digital twins are digital representations of real-world entities constantly fed by dynamic, bidirectional communication and updates throughout the lifecycle of these sophisticated paired systems. Developing digital twins in production engineering creates new avenues for engineering design in the context of digital transformation in manufacturing and sociotechnical systems. This paper reviews the foundational concepts, methodologies, and applications of digital twins in engineering design, covering both their architecture and development (engineering of digital twins), and their utilisation to enhance design activities (engineering with digital twins). An overview of the current state-of-the-art is presented, challenges are highlighted, and future research directions are addressed.
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STC E |
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Metal Multi-Material Additive Manufacturing: Overcoming Barriers to Implementation
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Adam Thomas Clare (1), Peer Woizeschke, Behzad Rankouhi, Frank Pfefferkorn (1), Dominic Bartels, Michael Schmidt (1), Wessel Wits (2)
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STC E, 74/2/2025, P.869
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Keywords: Additive Manufacturing, Materials processing, Multi-material additive manufacturing |
Abstract : Additive manufacturing has advanced rapidly since its origins in the 1980s. While some processes are now commercially viable, others remain experimental. A key ambition has been to combine multiple materials in a single part, enabling novel properties and overcoming traditional limitations of fabrication and assembly. Multi-material additive manufacturing offers a potential step change across industries, though scaling from lab to industry remains a challenge. This work explores the enabling technologies and science behind metal multi-material additive manufacturing and proposes how the research community can advance these innovations for meaningful industrial impact.
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STC F |
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Cut the scrap: making more use of less metal
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Julian Mark Allwood (1), Omer Music, Evripides G Loukaides, Markus Bambach (2)
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STC F, 74/2/2025, P.895
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Keywords: Environment; Metal Forming; Material efficiency |
Abstract : Action to cut emissions is likely to reduce production of the bulk metals. However, up to 80% of steel and 90% of aluminium made today are wasted in three forms of scrap: manufacturing scrap cut off in the supply chain, specification scrap from over-design and property scrap in which materials are under exploited. Innovations in product design and forming technology can reduce this scrap, but only if delivered in high-throughput processes, to overcome trade-offs with the economies of scale. The priority for innovation is to adapt tooling and controls in existing forming processes, not to attempt to replace them.
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STC G |
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Advances in Magnetic Field-Assisted Finishing
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Hitomi Yamaguchi (1), Fukuo Hashimoto (1), Eraldo da Silva (2), Chi Fai Cheung (1)
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STC G, 74/2/2025, P.921
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Keywords: Finishing;Polishing;Surface Modification;Surface Integrity;Magnetic field-assisted finishing |
Abstract : Magnetic Field-Assisted Finishing (MAF) is a process that removes material by means of magnetic-abrasive tools suspended in a magnetic field. The unique behavior of magnetic-abrasive tools has given rise to various derivatives. This paper reviews the progression of MAF over the past century starting with a historical review, MAF fundamentals, and variations of MAF (e.g., polishing, edge finishing, and mass finishing). The status of MAF process modeling and a new approach to process modeling are introduced. The advantages and limitations of MAF are shown by discussing the material-removal characteristics. Lastly, potential applications and future directions for MAF research are suggested.
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STC M |
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Fixtures and workpiece clamping systems in machining
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Hans-Christian Moehring (2), Dirk Biermann (1), Friedrich Bleicher (1), Shreyes Melkote (1), Gregor Kappmeyer (3)
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STC M, 74/2/2025, P.945
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Keywords: Machine Tool; Machining; Fixture |
Abstract : Workpiece clamping systems (WPCS) constitute core elements of machining systems. As part of the force flow and accuracy path, WPCS influence the performance and efficiency of the manufacturing processes. By functional integration, enhanced capability can be introduced to the machining system. Monitoring, active adjustment and process control can be achieved. The layout, design and optimisation of WPCS should be an integrated element in process planning. For this, computer aided support systems are available. Modelling of WPCS enables virtual analyses of process-workpiece-fixture interaction and make optimisation possible. This paper gives an overview of the technology of WPCS and introduces future perspectives.
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STC O |
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Future-Proof Production Scheduling and Control
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Marcello Urgo (2), Gisela Lanza (1), Rok Vrabic (2), David Gyulai
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STC O, 74/2/2025, P.971
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Keywords: Manufacturing; Scheduling; Control |
Abstract : Traditional production scheduling and control are increasingly inadequate in light of the rapid evolution of manufacturing tech- nology, the growing impact of unforeseen disruptions, and the generally increasing complexity of production. A framework for future-proof production scheduling and control is introduced to close this gap, providing a comprehensive overview of future re- quirements and the necessary technologies and approaches. Robust decision criteria are derived, ex and filled with major recent advances in production scheduling and control, digital twins, artificial intelligence, and knowledge formalisation. Emerging trends are discussed, and an outlook for future research and decision-making is derived.
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STC P |
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Dimensional metrology based on ultrashort pulse laser and optical frequency comb
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Wei Gao (1), Seung-Woo Kim (1), Harald Bosse (3), Kaoru Minoshima
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STC P, 74/2/2025, P.993
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Keywords: Measurement; Optical; Sensor |
Abstract : An insight is given into the fundamental mathematics and physics behind the generation of ultrashort optical pulses by mode-locked lasers, followed by an analysis and comparison of the characteristics between different types of such lasers, from the point of view of applications in dimensional metrology. Measurement technologies utilizing ultrashort pulses as time ruler and nonlinear optics generator in time domain, frequency ruler and white light laser in frequency domain, as well as applications in standards and traceability, are then categorized and presented. Future challenges and developing trends are also discussed.
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STC S |
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Surface finishing by shape-adaptive processes
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Jiwang Yan (1), Brigid Mullany (1), Anthony Beaucamp (2), Daniel Meyer (2), Naohiko Sugita (1)
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STC S, 74/2/2025, P.1019
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Keywords: Surface, Finishing, Geometry, Shape-adaptive process |
Abstract : Complex surfaces are increasingly used in optics, biomedical devices, and aerospace industries. Additive manufacturing and five-axis milling can produce complex shapes, but additional finishing processes are needed to meet the surface quality demands. This keynote paper reviews shape-adaptive finishing processes that enable uniform surface quality improvement without altering the shape. Key factors affecting shape adaptability, processing efficiency, and material applicability are analyzed and optimal process selection strategies for finishing complex surfaces are discussed. Future possibilities and research topics in this area, including process modeling/simulation, digital twin, surface/subsurface metrology, functionality evaluation, and applications of advanced robotics and artificial intelligence, are outlined.
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