CIRP Annals Online sorted by Year and Volume
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CIRP ANNALS 2002
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STC A |
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Computer Aided Disassembly Planning: State of the Art and Perspectives
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M. Santochi (1), G. Dini (2), F. Failli
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STC A, 51/2/2002, P.507
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Keywords: Disassembly, recycling, planning |
Abstract : In the last two decades, the problems related to the preservation of the
environment and the resources of the planet have been dramatically
highlighted by different phenomena (thinning of ozone layer, greenhouse
effect, decreasing of forests, air pollution, increasing difficulties in
the industrial and domestic waste management, etc.). In order to face
this situation, the governments have begun to apply rules to control
some aspects of the industrial production and energy. Consequently, the
environment has become an interesting issue also for the researchers. A
key-point in these new techniques, grouped under the name of
?sustainable development?, is the disassembly and recycling of the
end-of-life goods, necessary to minimize the environmental impact of
discarded materials and energy consumption. In this keynote paper the
state of the art of the software tools developed to help the designer
and the dismantler in the optimization of the disassembly-for-recycling
of discarded goods is discussed. The architecture of a complete and
general computer aided disassembly planning system is described and a
number of system developed both in the academic institutes and in the
industry are shown together a review and classification of the different
adopted solutions.
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STC C |
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Machining of Composite Materials
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R. Teti (2)
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STC C, 51/2/2002, P.611
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Keywords: Machining, Composite Materials, Conventional Cutting Processes |
Abstract : Machining of composite materials is difficult to carry out due to the
anisotropic and non-homogeneous structure of composites and to the high
abrasiveness of their reinforcing constituents. This typically results
in damage being introduced into the workpiece and in very rapid wear
development in the cutting tool. Conventional machining processes such
as turning, drilling or milling can be applied to composite materials,
provided proper tool design and operating conditions are adopted. An
overview of the various issues involved in the conventional machining of
the main types of composite materials is presented in this paper.
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STC Dn |
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New Trends in Rapid Product Development
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A. Bernard (2), A. Fischer (2)
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STC Dn, 51/2/2002, P.635
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Keywords: Rapid product development, technology modeling, data integration |
Abstract : This keynote paper presents an overview of new approaches in rapid
product development from the design point of view. The evolution of the
market has necessitated the reduction of time-to-market, mainly because
the product life cycle is shorter, but also because it is very important
to proceed more rapidly from an initial conception to a mass production
object. As a result of newly evolved software environments,
knowledgebased systems, and product data management, processes for
integrated design and manufacturing for new products have emerged. Due
to this evolution of rapid prototyping technologies, it has become
possible today to obtain parts representative of mass production within
a very short time. This keynote paper provides an overview of the actual
trends in all the components that affect the speed and efficiency of
product development, in particular all the possibilities available to
the designer, from the earliest stages of a product's life cycle.
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STC E |
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Laser Machining by short and ultrashort pulses, state of the art and new opportunities in the age of the photons
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Meijer (1), K. Du, A. Gillner, D. Hoffmann, V.S. Kovalenko (2), T. Masuzawa (1), A. Ostendorf, R. Poprawe, W. Schulz
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STC E, 51/2/2002, P.531
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Keywords: Micro-machining, Laser, Ablation |
Abstract : An overview is given of the applications of short and ultrashort lasers
in material processing. Shorter pulses reduce heat-affected damage of
the material and opens new ways for nanometer accuracy. Even forty years
after the development of the laser there is a lot of effort in
developing new and better performing lasers. The driving force is higher
accuracy at reasonable cost, which is realised by compact systems
delivering short laser pulses of high beam quality. Another trend is the
shift towards shorter wavelengths, which are better absorbed by the
material and which allows smaller feature sizes to be produced. Examples
of new products, which became possible by this technique, are given. The
trends in miniaturization as predicted by Moore and Taniguchi are
expected to continue over the next decade too thanks to short and
ultrashort laser machining techniques. After the age of steam and the
age of electricity we have entered the age of photons now.
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STC F |
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Mushy / Semi-Solid Metal Forming Technology ? Present and Future
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M. Kiuchi (1), R. Kopp (1)
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STC F, 51/2/2002, P.653
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Keywords: Semi-Solid, Forming, Modelling, Rheology |
Abstract : Mushy, semi-solid and / or thixo processing of metals (alloys) is
becoming popular as a new potential manufacturing technology for parts
and components in automobile, electronic and machine industries.
Internal structures and mechanical properties of those metals that
include solid and liquid fractions are quite different from those of hot
or molten metals. Diversified possibilities are known today to process
those metals based on die casting, hot metal forming or polymer
injection technologies, each of which has its own specific advantages
and disadvantages. Up to now thixocasting and thixomolding have been
used in industrial applications for light metal alloys. The potentials
of those processes are wider by far however. They include the processing
of specially designed alloys and composites, the combination of forming
and joining processes as well as reduction of production costs and
energy consumption.
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STC G |
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Process Monitoring in Grinding
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H.K. Toenshoff, T. Friemuth, J.C. Becker
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STC G, 51/2/2002, P.551
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Keywords: Grinding, sensor, process monitoring |
Abstract : The grinding process is characterised by a high number of cutting edges
undergoing non-uniform wear, this also typifies a highly non-stationary
process. Pure process modelling in order to understand the grinding
mechanisms and to predict the work result is difficult. In view of this,
several approaches by
academia and by industry were made to address this issue. One such
approach is the development and implementation of process monitoring in
grinding. The work presented in this paper summarises the various
elements and approaches in process monitoring during grinding. The paper
deals with the relevant quantities that describe the grinding process
itself and the ensuing work result. Furthermore the different sensing
techniques are introduced to measure the relevant quantities. Finally an
overview is presented as to the strategies and techniques involved in
the interpretation of the measured data and the subsequent control
action initiated in order to close the process control loop.
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STC M |
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Parallel Kinematic Machines Tools - Current State and Future Potentials
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M. Weck (1), D. Staimer
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STC M, 51/2/2002, P.671
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Keywords: Manufacturing Equipment, Parallel Machines, Performance |
Abstract : Parallel kinematics have recently attracted attention as machine tools
because of their conceptual potentials in high motion dynamics and
accuracy combined with high structural rigidity due to their closed
kinematic loops. This paper, prepared with input from CIRP colleagues as
well as of machine manufacturers and end-users involved in PKM, attempts
to review the development of parallel kinematics for machine tools,
their practical application and their performance compared to classical
machine tools.
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STC O |
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Production in Networks
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H.-P. Wiendahl (1), S. Lutz
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STC O, 51/2/2002, P.573
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Keywords: Manufacturing, Production network, Production planning and control |
Abstract : New types of cooperation between companies in the manufacturing sector
are coming into being. Since nowadays the creation of and involvement in
supply chains is for most companies standard practice, new forms of
cooperation are now emerging: production networks. The paper describes
current developments in the field of production networks along with
techniques and methods for their operation and management.
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STC P |
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Large-Scale Metrology ? An Update
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W.T. Estler (2), K.L. Edmundson , G.N. Peggs (1), D.H. Parker
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STC P, 51/2/2002, P.587
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Keywords: Dimensional metrology, Distance measurement, Measurement uncertainty |
Abstract : Developments in large-scale engineering metrology since the 1978 report
of Puttock are reviewed. Advances in optical technology and fast,
low-cost computation have led to wide-spread use of laser trackers and
digital photogrammetry for general-purpose coordinate metrology.
Techniques for highaccuracy straightness measurement, precision
leveling, and absolute distance metrology are described, together with
approaches to compensation for the effects of atmospheric refraction.
Methods for uncertainty evaluation are discussed and several
illustrative examples are presented.
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Optical Methods for Dimensional Metrology in Production Engineering
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H. Schwenke, U. Neuschaefer-Rube, T. Pfeifer (2), H. Kunzmann (1)
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STC P, 51/2/2002, P.685
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Keywords: Dimensional Metrology, Optical Methods, Production Engineering |
Abstract : Metrology in production engineering must be fast, accurate, robust and
automated, and ideally integrated into the production line. In many
respects, optical methods seem to fulfil these requirements. Although
optical methods have a long tradition in dimensional metrology, the
rapid progress in the development of optoelectronic components and
availability of increased computational power makes many new technical
approaches
possible. This paper provides a technical overview of the optical
methods available for dimensional metrology. Methods for the measurement
of length, angle, surface form and spatial co-ordinates are described.
The paper summarises both the metrological characteristics and the
technical limitations of the methods. Furthermore, it presents some new
and promising approaches that, in the future, may play an important role
in dimensional metrology for production.
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STC S |
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Emerging Trends in Surface Metrology
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P.M. Lonardo(1), D.A. Lucca (1), L. De Chiffre (1)
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STC S, 51/2/2002, P.701
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Keywords: surface, metrology, surface integrity |
Abstract : Recent advancements and some emerging trends in the methods and
instruments used for surface and near surface characterisation are
presented, considering the measurement of both topography and physical
properties. In particular, surfaces that present difficulties in
measurement or require new procedures are considered, with emphasis on
measurements approaching the nanometre scale. Examples of new
instruments and promising innovations for roughness measurement and
surface integrity characterisation are presented. The new needs for
tolerancing, traceability and calibration are also addressed.
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