CIRP Annals Online sorted by Year and Volume
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CIRP ANNALS 1997
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STC C |
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Dry cutting
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F. Klocke (2), G. Eisenblaetter
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STC C, 46/2/1997, P.519
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Keywords: Machining, dry cutting, environmental impact |
Abstract : The vast majority of machining operations exploit the good cooling and
lubricating characteristics of cooling lubricants (CL). But, as costs
for waste disposal increase, companies are now being forced to implement
strategies in order to reduce the amount of CL used in their production
lines. The most logical measure which can be taken to eliminate all of
the problems associated with the use of CL is dry machining. In most
cases, however, a machining operation without lubricant finds acceptance
only when it is possible to guar255antee that the part quality and
machining times achieved in wet machining are equaled or surpassed. The
introduction of dry machining techniques may also include the use of
minimal quantities of lubricant (MQL). The following paper deals with
the most recent developments in dry cutting.
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STC Dn |
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Issues in styling and engineering design
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F. Kimura (1)
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STC Dn, 46/2/1997, P.527
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Keywords: *Styling Design, Engineering Design, Computer Aided Design |
Abstract : The aim of this paper is to review the present development of styling
design activities in product design processes, and to identify new roles
and technology of styling design to cope with emerging market and
environmental requirements in our society. The focus of the paper is to
analyze the interplay between styling and engineering design. The
importance of product aesthetics is investigated in comparison with
ergonomic and technological factors, and many example products are
analyzed, such as automobiles, electro255mechanical products, etc.
Computer aided tools for styling design are reviewed, and future issues
are identified for enabling high-quality styling design and tight
integration with engineering activities.
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STC E |
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Three-dimensional micromachining by machine tools
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T. Masuzawa (1), H.K. Toenshoff (1)
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STC E, 46/2/1997, P.621
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Keywords: micromachining, machine tool, microproduct |
Abstract : Machining technologies for three-dimensional microproducts are
summarized by focusing on the methods using tools. After a discussion on
the problems and the basic strategy concerning micromachining, promising
methods for machining convex and concave shapes are introduced and
discussed with respect to their state of the art. The methods introduced
include WEDG, EDM, grinding, cutting, WECG, MEDM, microdrilling,
micromilling, MUSM, micropunching, MLBM, electrolyte jet ECM, micro
electroforming and micro injection molding.
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STC F |
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Development and manufacture of dies for car body production
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K. Siegert (2),T. Altan (1),T. Nakagawa (1)
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STC F, 46/2/1997, P.535
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Keywords: Deep Drawing, Cushion System, Binder Design |
Abstract : The costs for development and production of draw dies for car outer
panels are extremely high and should be reduced. Furthermore it is
necessary to reduce the time for developing, designing and producing the
dies for the production of parts. This paper discussed new press
techniques, die designs and milling techniques. The trend goes to single
acting presses with CNC-controlled multipoint cushion systems in the
press table and to special designed dies. These systems lead to a more
robust and reproducible forming process with improved product quality
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STC G |
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Technological advances in fine abrasive processes
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R. Komanduri (1), D.A. Lucca (2), Y. Tani (2)
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STC G, 46/2/1997, P.545
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Keywords: grinding, polishing, finishing, abrasives, ceramics, glass, silicon |
Abstract : Fine abrasives, be they loose or fixed, are invariably used in the
production of components of the highest quality in terms of form and
finish accuracy, and surface integrity. While optical, mechanical, and
electronic applications of advanced ceramics, glasses, and
semiconductors may require high form and finish accuracies (e.g.,
roughnesses in the angstrom range), the depth and nature of the
subsurface damage resultant from processing may be equally important.
For economic manufacture and for improved reliability of brittle
materials, an understanding of the mechanisms of material removal in
fine abrasive processes, as well as the nature of damage imparted, are
essential prerequisites. Knowledge of the removal mechanisms and nature
of damage can enable process improvement and minimize, if not altogether
eliminate, surface and subsurface damage. This paper focuses on fine
abrasive processes with emphasis on material removal in brittle
workmaterials. Generally, indentation models are used to simulate
abrasion and polishing. An attempt is made to rationalize various models
by linking conventional machining, grinding, ultraprecision machining,
and indentation sliding as a cognate transition for material removal
operations. Whereas chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) has become the
process of choice for finishing semiconductors, the various models
developed thus far, although very significant, have addressed isolated
aspects of the process and/or neglected certain issues. To use
analytical models as predictive tools for finishing of brittle
materials, it is necessary to integrate existing understanding into a
comprehensive model of the process. This paper reports on some
significant technological advances in fine abrasive processes which have
been made.
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STC O |
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Intelligent computing methods for manufacturing systems
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R. Teti (2), S.R.T. Kumara (1)
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STC O, 46/2/1997, P.629
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Keywords: Artificial intelligence, Manufacturing systems |
Abstract : Intelligent computation is taken to include the development and
application of artificial intelligence (AI) methods i.e. tools that
exhibit characteristics associated with intelligence in human behaviour.
Many approaches have been proposed to apply At methods, techniques and
paradigms to the solution of manufacturing problems. This paper
discusses current trends in applications of intelligent computing tools
to manufacturing and reviews the motivation and basis for the
utilisation of these systems. The topics of the paper were confined to
four main issues of manufacturing systems: design, planning, production
and system level activities. A discussion about intelligent
manufacturing systems from these four basic functional view points was
introduced, the relevant intelligent computing methods and their use in
manufacturing were surveyed, and a number of significant research issues
and applications were illustrated. The main developments that were
observed comprise the integration of At methods into CAD, CAPP, etc.;
the improvement of the performance of present At techniques; the
development of hybrid At systems; the elaboration and application of new
Al paradigms in manufacturing. Intelligent systems in the future are
expected to be integrated, modular, and hybrid in nature, and they may
well include all the techniques described in this paper and further more.
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STC P |
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Industrial uses of STM and AFM
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T.V. Vorburger, J.A. Dagata, G. Wilkening, K. Iizuka
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STC P, 46/2/1997, P.597
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Keywords: Atomic force microscopy (AFM), Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) |
Abstract : We review the field of STM and AFM as applied to industrial problems,
and we classify the applications into four classes: research with
potential benefit to industry, research performed by industry,
applications off-line in manufacturing, and applications on-line in
manufacturing. We also discuss the role of metrology for certain
applications and briefly review many other types of SPMs besides STM and
AFM. We conclude by emphasizing ultra-precision positioning,
nanofabrication, and biomedical applications as important future
directions in the field.
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