CIRP Annals Online sorted by Year and Volume
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CIRP ANNALS 2004
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STC A |
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Appropriate Human Involvement in Assembly and Disassembly
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H. Bley (2), G. Reinhart (2), G. Seliger (2), M. Bernardi, T. Korne
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STC A, 53/2/2004, P.487
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Keywords: Assembly, Disassembly, Human factors |
Abstract : Product assembly as well as disassembly is often carried out
by workers who have been trained and are
flexible with respect to the different variants, delivery dates and
changing lot sizes. Though there has been a
strong tendency to mechanize and automate production during the last
years many operations in assembly
and disassembly are still very often performed manually. Furthermore
there might be an increase in manually
operated assembly or disassembly as a result of product equipment
investments with shorter usage time.
This keynote paper deals with the state of practice as well as the
tendencies in product and production
technology and the influence of markets. Another question is going to be
the use of information technology on
the shop floor level and between the shop floor and other levels within
a company as well as the customers.
Therefore industrial engineering is increasingly dealing with the
influence of organization and structuring of
production processes.
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STC C |
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Dry Machining and Minimum Quantity Lubrication
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K. Weinert (1), I. Inasaki (1), J.W. Sutherland (2), T. Wakabayashi
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STC C, 53/2/2004, P.511
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Keywords: Machining, Environment, Minimum Quantity Lubrication |
Abstract : Modern machining processes face continuous cost pressures and
high quality expectations. To remain
competitive a company must continually identify cost reduction
opportunities in production, exploit economic
opportunities, and continuously improve production processes. A key
technology that represents cost saving
opportunities related to cooling lubrication, and simultaneously
improves the overall performance of cutting
operations, is dry machining. The elimination of, or significant
reduction in, cooling lubricants affects all
components of a production system. A detailed analysis and adaptation of
cutting parameters, cutting tools,
machine tools and the production environment is mandatory to ensure an
efficient process and successfully
enable dry machining.
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STC Dn |
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Adaptable Design
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P. Gu (2), M. Hashemian, A.Y.C. Nee (1)
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STC Dn, 53/2/2004, P.539
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Keywords: Product Design, Adaptable Design, Life Cycle Design |
Abstract : Increasing competition for better product functionality,
quality, features, customization, environmental friendliness, lower cost
and shorter delivery time presents unprecedented challenges for product
manufacturing enterprises. These challenges cannot be completely
addressed by advanced manufacturing technologies alone as some of which
are originated from product design. Advanced design technologies and
tools for early product design processes are critically needed where
most important decisions are made with respect to the product
functionality, quality, manufacturability, cost and environmental
performance. This paper discusses adaptable design (AD) as a design
paradigm for both business success and environmental protection.
Adaptable design aims at developing products that are adaptable in their
design and/or their production. Adaptability is defined as the extension
of the utility (service) of products. Two types of adaptabilities are
proposed as product adaptability and design adaptability. Two types of
design adaptations are also identified, which include foreseeable
specific adaptations and unforeseeable general adaptations. The former
can be described by specific adaptability and the latter by general
adaptability. Three key elements of AD are presented including functions
independence, a measure of adaptability and a function based design
process model of the AD. Based on these concepts and design objectives,
adaptable design methods and general design guidelines are proposed.
Examples are included to illustrate the concepts, design methods and
guidelines.
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STC E |
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Photochemical Machining: from "manufacturing's best kept secret" to a $6 billion per annum, rapid manufacturing process
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D.M. Allen (2)
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STC E, 53/2/2004, P.559
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Keywords: Photochemical machining technology, Products, Economics |
Abstract : Photochemical machining (PCM) is one of the least well-known
non-conventional machining processes. It
employs chemical etching through a photoresist stencil as the method of
material removal over selected
areas. The technique is relatively modern and became established as a
manufacturing process about fifty
years ago. The processing technology has been kept a closely-guarded
secret within a small number of
industrial companies but despite this, the sales of parts made by PCM at
the end of the twentieth century was
approximately US$ 6 billion. This paper examines the state of the art of
PCM, the PCM Roadmap and the
newly-developed products made by PCM especially relevant to
Microengineering, Microfluidics and
Microsystems Technology, economic aspects and current challenges
requiring research within the PCM
industry.
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STC F |
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Testing and Modelling of Material Response to Deformation in Bulk Metal Forming
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P.F. Bariani (1), T. Dal Negro (2), S. Bruschi
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STC F, 53/2/2004, P.573
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Keywords: Metal forming, Testing, Modelling |
Abstract : As the virtual prototyping of forming operations and systems
becomes a real prospect for industries, reliable
and versatile simulation software must be created to efficiently and
accurately predict the events products and
processes are subjected to. Useful and efficient models and tests able
to evaluate the different aspects of the
material response to plastic deformation are among the most critical
prerequisites. The knowledge of how the
material performs during and after deformation has, in fact, a great
impact on product design and
manufacturing decisions.
This paper attempts to critically assess the modelling and testing
approaches and techniques for predicting
material response that are available today and then to discuss the
latest developments in research labs and
industrial applications in the fields of modelling and testing. The
emphasis is on what is changing and must still
change in order to provide industrial process designers with more useful
models and efficient tests that can
meet the increasing demand for accurate processes and product simulation.
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STC G |
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Innovations in Abrasive Products for Precision Grinding
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J. Webster (1), M. Tricard (3)
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STC G, 53/2/2004, P.597
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Keywords: Grinding, Abrasives, Machine |
Abstract : This paper is a review of recent developments in the design
and manufacture of precision, fixed-abrasive tools. The role of each
component within the "engineered composite" is also discussed, with
examples showing how the components have been enhanced to achieve their
current high levels of performance. The paper also looks at examples
where innovations in the abrasive tool have enabled the development of
innovative abrasive processes. A vision of future abrasive product
developments is also presented by the authors.
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STC M |
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Chatter Stability of Metal Cutting and Grinding
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Y. Altintas (1), M. Weck (1)
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STC M, 53/2/2004, P.619
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Keywords: Cutting, Grinding, Chatter |
Abstract : This paper reviews fundamental modeling of chatter vibrations
in metal cutting and grinding processes.
The avoidance of chatter vibrations in industry is also presented. The
fundamentals of orthogonal chatter
stability law and lobes are reviewed for single point machining
operations where the process is one
dimensional and time invariant. The application of orthogonal stability
to turning and boring operations is
presented while discussing the process nonlinearities that make the
solution difficult in frequency domain.
Modeling of drilling vibrations is discussed. The dynamic modeling and
chatter stability of milling is
presented. Various stability models are compared against experimentally
validated time domain
simulation model results. The dynamic time domain model of transverse
and plunge grinding operations
is presented with experimental results. Off-line and real-time chatter
suppression techniques are
summarized along with their practical applications and limitations in
industry. The paper presents a series
of research topics, which have yet to be studied for effective use of
chatter prediction and suppression
techniques in industry.
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STC O |
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Maintenance: Changing Role in Life Cycle Management
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S. Takata (1), F. Kimura (1), F.J.A.M. van Houten (1), E. Westkaemper (1), M. Shpitalni (1), D. Cegarek (2), J. Lee
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STC O, 53/2/2004, P.643
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Keywords: Maintenance, Life Cycle Management |
Abstract : As attention to environmental problems grows, product life
cycle management is becoming a crucial issue in
realizing a sustainable society. Our objective is to provide the
functions necessary for such a society while
minimizing material and energy consumption. From this viewpoint, we
should redefine the role of maintenance
as a prime method for life cycle management. In this paper, we first
discuss the changing role of maintenance
from the perspective of life cycle management. Then, we present a
maintenance framework that shows
management cycles of maintenance activities during the product life
cycle. According to this framework, we
identify technical issues of maintenance and discuss the advances of
technologies supporting the change in
the role of maintenance.
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STC P |
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Probing Systems in Dimensional Metrology
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A. Weckenmann (2), T. Estler (2), G. Peggs (1), D. McMurtry (3)
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STC P, 53/2/2004, P.657
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Keywords: Dimensional Metrology, Probe, Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) |
Abstract : Dimensional parameters are the most commonly encountered
quality characteristics of workpieces. The
measuring process for testing conformance of those characteristics
contains the important sub-process
of probing the surface. A huge variety of probing systems for performing
different measurement tasks on
the shop floor, as well as in the metrological environment, have been
developed. In coordinate
measuring machines (CMM) probing systems must ensure reproducibility of
the sensing operation even
in the sub-micrometer range. This paper describes requirements,
different principles and characteristics
of tactile probing systems in dimensional metrology, with examples of
several probing systems that are
used in practice.
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STC S |
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Chemical Aspects of Machining Processes
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E. Brinksmeier (1), D. A. Lucca (1), A. Walter
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STC S, 53/2/2004, P.685
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Keywords: Surface, Machining, Reaction layer |
Abstract : Machining processes used to create surfaces are influenced by
the mechanical, thermal, and chemical loading in the contact zone. In
addition, the tribo-physical and tribo-chemical interactions between the
cutting tool, workpiece, metalworking fluid and surrounding medium have
an influence on the properties of the resulting surface. In order to
design efficient machining processes and control the chemical state of
the surface produced, a basic understanding of the chemical mechanisms
in the contact zone is needed. The chemical effects of metalworking
fluids on the processes of machining and grinding are discussed,
including the chemical interactions which occur between the various
participating surfaces. The impact of the resulting chemical state of
the surface produced is addressed.
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